How does smoking affect cardiovascular health?

Cigarette smoking is a significant risk factor for cardiovascular disease due to its harmful effects on the cardiovascular system. It contributes to atherosclerosis, which is the buildup of plaque in the arteries, leading to a narrowing and hardening of the blood vessels. This process increases the likelihood of events such as heart attacks and strokes. Smoking also raises levels of carbon monoxide, which can lead to reduced oxygen transport in the blood, and increase blood pressure and heart rate as the heart works harder to supply oxygen to the body.

Additionally, nicotine in cigarettes has a stimulatory effect that causes blood vessels to constrict, further raising blood pressure and increasing heart workload. Over time, these mechanisms significantly heighten the risk of developing cardiovascular conditions, making smoking one of the leading preventable causes of heart disease. Understanding these effects is critical for anyone studying cardiovascular health as it emphasizes the importance of smoking cessation in reducing cardiovascular risk.