What is peripheral artery disease (PAD)?

Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is characterized by the narrowing of arteries, which leads to a reduction in blood flow, particularly to the limbs. This condition often results from the buildup of fatty deposits in the arterial walls, otherwise known as atherosclerosis, which narrows the arteries over time. As a result, individuals suffering from PAD may experience symptoms such as leg pain during exertion (claudication), weakness in the legs, or even sores that do not heal.

This narrowing interferes with the proper delivery of oxygen-rich blood to the muscles and tissues, especially during physical activities. Understanding PAD is critical because it not only impacts mobility and quality of life but also increases the risk for serious cardiovascular problems, including heart attack and stroke.

Other options describe different medical conditions not related to PAD. For instance, conditions that involve increased heart rates or chest pain pertain to the heart or electrical issues rather than peripheral arteries. A heart valve defect specifically relates to the valves in the heart, thus further distinguishing it from the vascular concerns associated with PAD.