Which lifestyle modification is considered effective in managing blood pressure?

Smoking cessation is an effective lifestyle modification for managing blood pressure because smoking contributes to hypertension by damaging the blood vessels and increasing heart rate. The chemicals in tobacco can lead to atherosclerosis, where the arteries become narrowed and hardened, making it more difficult for blood to flow. Quitting smoking helps improve overall cardiovascular health, reduces stress on the heart, and can lead to significant reductions in blood pressure over time.

In regards to the other choices, increased alcohol consumption can raise blood pressure and is generally discouraged for those looking to manage hypertension. A high-fat diet, particularly saturated fats and trans fats, is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease and can have a negative impact on blood pressure levels. Decreased sleep hours can also contribute to elevated blood pressure, as poor sleep quality is linked with increased stress and the dysregulation of various hormones that can elevate blood pressure.