Which of the following is a common non-invasive diagnostic test for heart diseases?

An electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) is a common non-invasive diagnostic test used to assess heart disease. It works by recording the electrical activity of the heart, allowing healthcare providers to identify various heart conditions such as arrhythmias, ischemia, and previous heart attacks. The process involves attaching electrodes to the patient's skin, which capture and display the heart's electrical signals in a waveform format.

This test is widely used because it is quick, easy to perform, and does not require any special preparation or recovery time from the patient. The information obtained can provide valuable insights into the overall health of the heart, assisting in diagnosis and further management of cardiovascular issues.

In contrast, coronary angiography and cardiac catheterization are invasive procedures that involve inserting catheters into the heart via blood vessels. These tests are used primarily for detailed examination of the coronary arteries and heart structures but require more extensive preparation and are associated with certain risks. The echocardiographic stress test, while also non-invasive, typically combines an echocardiogram with physical or pharmacological stress testing. Though useful, it is more specialized than a standard ECG, which contributes to the latter’s status as a routine and widely performed test in cardiac diagnostics.